sigmahighHunting

NTLM Hash Leak Via Curl NTLM Authentication

Detects the use of curl with NTLM authentication and empty credentials (-u :), which can be abused to leak the currently logged-in user's NTLMv2 challenge-response to an attacker-controlled server, enabling offline cracking or relay attacks. When no credentials are provided, the Microsoft-shipped curl passes a NULL identity to Windows SSPI, which automatically falls back to the current user's logon session credentials stored in LSASS — without requiring a plaintext password. This behavior is exclusive to the curl binary shipped by Microsoft (available since Windows 10 / Windows Server 2019), which is built with SSPI support.

MITRE ATT&CK

T1187

credential-access

Detection Query

selection_img:
  - Image|endswith: \curl.exe
  - OriginalFileName: curl.exe
selection_ntlm_flag:
  CommandLine|contains: --ntlm
selection_empty_creds:
  CommandLine|re: "(?i)\\s(-u|--user)\\s*:"
condition: all of selection_*

Author

Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)

Created

2026-06-04

Data Sources

windowsProcess Creation Events

Platforms

windows

References

Tags

attack.credential-accessattack.t1187

Raw Content

title: NTLM Hash Leak Via Curl NTLM Authentication
id: 916eb839-895e-47f8-99ee-3008bf377a3e
status: test
description: |
    Detects the use of curl with NTLM authentication and empty credentials (-u :), which can be abused to leak the currently logged-in user's NTLMv2 challenge-response to an
    attacker-controlled server, enabling offline cracking or relay attacks.
    When no credentials are provided, the Microsoft-shipped curl passes a NULL identity to Windows SSPI, which automatically falls back to the current user's logon session credentials
    stored in LSASS — without requiring a plaintext password.
    This behavior is exclusive to the curl binary shipped by Microsoft (available since Windows 10 / Windows Server 2019), which is built with SSPI support.
references:
    - https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/master/lib/vauth/ntlm_sspi.c#L128-L140
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthn/acquirecredentialshandle--ntlm
    - https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--ntlm
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2026-06-04
tags:
    - attack.credential-access
    - attack.t1187
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\curl.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'curl.exe'
    selection_ntlm_flag:
        CommandLine|contains: '--ntlm'
    selection_empty_creds:
        CommandLine|re: '(?i)\s(-u|--user)\s*:'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Should be very rare as it's not widely known or used, but could occur in legitimate use cases where curl is used with NTLM authentication and empty credentials, such as in certain scripts or automation tasks.
level: high
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_curl_ntlm_hash_leak_attempt/info.yml