Attachment: Callback phishing solicitation via image file

name: "Attachment: Callback phishing solicitation via image file"
description: |
  A fraudulent invoice/receipt found in an image attachment.
  Callback Phishing is an attempt by an attacker to solicit the victim (recipient) to call a phone number. 
  The resulting interaction could lead to a multitude of attacks ranging from Financial theft, Remote Access Trojan (RAT) Installation or Ransomware Deployment.
type: "rule"
authors:
  - twitter: "vector_sec"
severity: "high"
source: |
  type.inbound
  and (
    not profile.by_sender().solicited
    or (
      profile.by_sender().any_messages_malicious_or_spam
      and not profile.by_sender().any_messages_benign
    )
  )
  and not (subject.is_reply and headers.in_reply_to is not null)
  and not profile.by_sender_email().prevalence == "common"
  and (
    sender.email.domain.root_domain in $free_email_providers
    or sender.email.domain.root_domain in ("onmicrosoft.com")
    or (
      (
        length(recipients.to) == 0
        or all(recipients.to, .display_name == "Undisclosed recipients")
      )
      and length(recipients.cc) == 0
      and length(recipients.bcc) == 0
    )
  )
  and any(attachments,
          // exclude images taken with mobile cameras and screenshots from android
          .file_type in $file_types_images
          and (
            any(file.explode(.),
                not any(.scan.exiftool.fields,
                        .key == "Model"
                        or (
                          .key == "Software"
                          and strings.starts_with(.value, "Android")
                        )
                )
                // exclude images taken with mobile cameras and screenshots from Apple
                and not any(.scan.exiftool.fields,
                            .key == "DeviceManufacturer"
                            and .value == "Apple Computer Inc."
                )
                and not any(.scan.exiftool.fields,
                            .key == "UserComment" and .value == "Screenshot"
                )
                // 4 of the following strings are found        
                and 4 of (
                  // this section is synced with attachment_callback_phish_with_pdf.yml and body_callback_phishing_no_attachment.yml
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "purchase"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "payment"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "transaction"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "subscription"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "antivirus"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "order"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "support"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "help line"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "receipt"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "invoice"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "call"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "helpdesk"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "cancel"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "renew"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "refund"),
                  regex.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "(?:reach|contact) us at"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "+1"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "amount"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "charged"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "crypto"),
                  strings.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, "wallet address"),
                  regex.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw, '\$\d{3}\.\d{2}\b'),
                  regex.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw,
                                  '\+?([ilo0-9]{1}.)?\(?[ilo0-9]{3}?\)?.[ilo0-9]{3}.?[ilo0-9]{4}',
                                  '\+?([ilo0-9]{1,2})?\s?\(?\d{3}\)?[\s\.\-⋅]{0,5}[ilo0-9]{3}[\s\.\-⋅]{0,5}[ilo0-9]{4}'
                  ),
                )
                // this section is synced with attachment_callback_phish_with_pdf.yml and body_callback_phishing_no_attachment.yml
                and regex.icontains(.scan.ocr.raw,
                                    '(p.{0,3}a.{0,3}y.{0,3}p.{0,3}a.{0,3}l|ma?c.?fee|n[o0]rt[o0]n|geek.{0,5}squad|ebay|symantec|best buy|lifel[o0]c|secure anywhere|starz|utilities premium|pc security|at&t)'
                )
            )
            // this section is synced with attachment_callback_phish_with_pdf.yml and body_callback_phishing_no_attachment.yml
            or any(ml.logo_detect(.).brands,
                   .name in (
                     "PayPal",
                     "Norton",
                     "GeekSquad",
                     "Ebay",
                     "McAfee",
                     "AT&T"
                   )
            )
          )
  )
attack_types:
  - "Callback Phishing"
tactics_and_techniques:
  - "Evasion"
  - "Free email provider"
  - "Out of band pivot"
  - "Social engineering"
  - "Image as content"
detection_methods:
  - "Content analysis"
  - "Optical Character Recognition"
  - "Sender analysis"
  - "URL analysis"
  - "Computer Vision"
id: "60acbb36-8ed1-562e-8027-260c2fdf0f04"